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Identity & API Security Track 1 · Foundations
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FOUNDATIONS · LESSON 11

Regulations & certifications

Identity work is regulated work. Laws have different names in different countries, but the duties are alike. Your goal: match the main laws and standards to what they ask for.

Key points
  • Three duties repeat everywhere: know who, protect data, prove it.
  • GDPR, CCPA/CPRA and India's DPDP Act protect personal data.
  • PSD2 SCA and the RBI rules need two factors for payments.
  • NIST SP 800-63 gives the trust levels. ISO 27001 and SOC 2 are audits.
Three duties that rhymeworldwide: know who ·protect data · prove itPrivacy & data rightsGDPR · CCPA/CPRADigital identityeIDAS 2.0 / EUDI · NIST 800-63PaymentsPSD2 Strong Customer AuthAssuranceISO 27001 / SOC 2 · KYC/AML
Figure — The same duties in four areas of law. Whatever the acronym, every rule comes back to know-who, protect-data or prove-it.

A short world tour

🇮🇳 DPDP Act, 2023

India's Digital Personal Data Protection Act. A company must ask for clear consent, collect only what it needs and protect the data. People can withdraw consent, correct their data and ask for it to be erased. Its rules came in November 2025, and the main duties start in stages up to May 2027.

🇮🇳 RBI payment rules

The Reserve Bank of India's authentication directions. Most digital payments need two factors. At least one must be new for each payment, such as a one-time code or a fingerprint. They apply from April 2026. You already met this idea in the proof lesson.

🇪🇺 GDPR

The EU's General Data Protection Regulation, the privacy law the world copies most. Personal data needs a lawful reason and protection. It must be deletable. The "right to be forgotten" is GDPR at work (the right-to-be-forgotten lesson).

🪪 eIDAS 2.0 & the EUDI wallet

Europe's rules for trusted electronic identity. They include a digital identity wallet that citizens carry (the EUDI wallet). EU countries must offer wallets by the end of 2026. People show credentials from the wallet instead of using many logins.

💳 PSD2 — Strong Customer Authentication

The EU payments law. Its SCA rule needs two independent factors for most online payments. The approval must also be tied to the amount and the payee. This is the legal base of step-up (the proof lesson). New EU payment rules (PSD3 and PSR) are coming and keep SCA.

🐻 CCPA / CPRA

California's privacy laws: the right to know, to delete, and to opt out of the sale of your data. Many other US states copy them.

📏 NIST SP 800-63

The US guideline for digital identity. It defines assurance levels: IAL (identity), AAL (login) and FAL (federation). People use it worldwide as the yardstick for the trust scores in the proof lesson.

✅ ISO 27001 / SOC 2

Certificates a company shows to prove its own house is in order. ISO 27001 audits the whole security management system. SOC 2 audits the day-to-day controls.

🏦 KYC / AML

Know Your Customer and Anti-Money-Laundering rules make banks check customers more strictly as amounts and risk grow.

Think of it like…

driving in another country. The road signs change at every border, but the duties do not. Stay in your lane. Show your license. Be able to prove it. Learn the three duties once, and every new law is just a new sign.

Why it matters

Law is why identity teams care about paperwork-like things. Examples are consent receipts, deletion workflows, audit trails and how long data is kept. Each is a legal duty with real fines.

🧪 Interactive lab — enable JavaScript to play with this one.

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